Wednesday, July 6, 2011

“星光闪耀的旗帜”--介绍美国国歌【原创】

“星光闪耀的旗帜”【原创】
--介绍美国国歌
74日是美国独立日,西雅图总要在傍晚举行大型露天音乐会,入夜后还要在华盛顿湖上放烟花。整个活动是以唱国歌开始。尽管舞台上早已被交响乐队、合唱团占满,但唱国歌的仅有一人,还是无伴奏清唱。而且,只要歌者一开喉,人们马上起立,喧闹声顿止,气氛立刻变得庄严肃穆。美国国歌的这种神圣劲儿,在我身临其境后,感触颇深。
美国国歌的歌词出自一首诗,名叫“保卫麦克.亨利要塞”,作者是弗朗西斯.思高特.柯伊(Francis Scott Key)。181493日,律师柯伊和斯克伊讷(John Stuart Skinner)受时任美国总统麦迪逊(James Madison)委托,驾一艘帆船,打着免战旗,从巴尔的摩出发,驶向停在附近的英国皇家海军 “明顿号” 军舰。他们的使命是和英国人谈判交换战俘事宜。登舰后,“明顿号”又把他们带到位于麦克.亨利要塞附近的“托南特号”军舰上。
柯伊向英军要求释放他的朋友比恩斯医生。97日,英国皇家海军少将罗伯特.罗斯(Robert Ross)拒绝了柯伊的要求。由于当夜英国军舰要袭击麦克.亨利要塞,怕走漏风声,柯伊他们就被临时拘留在“托南特号”上。
那夜风雨交加,炮声震耳,柯伊借着炮弹爆炸时的火光可以隐约看见麦克.亨利要塞飘扬的星条旗。当黎明的曙光照到麦克.亨利要塞的时候,柯伊看到一面更大的星条旗升起来,在要塞上扬眉吐气地飘扬。他知道:美国人打赢了。兴奋中,他在一封信的背面写下了几行诗句。
916日,柯伊他们被释放,回到巴尔的摩后,柯伊在他居住的“印第安女皇饭店”里完成了那首诗,并命名“保卫麦克.亨利要塞”。
柯伊把这首诗给他的内弟--法官尼科尔森(Joseph H. Nicholson)看,尼科尔森见这首诗的格律符合一首广受欢迎的歌曲--“阿克那里翁歌”(曲作者是英国人John Stafford Smith),就建议用这个曲调唱。917日,这首歌被印刷出来,最初没有曲谱,只在歌词下提示:用“阿克那里翁在天堂”的曲调。
很快,这首歌就在巴尔的摩流行开来,接着美国东部各地多达17家报纸刊登了这首歌。到10月,巴尔的摩一家音乐商店的店主托马斯.卡尔(Thomas Carr)出版了带曲谱和歌词的歌片,并把歌名改为“星光闪耀的旗帜”(又译“星条旗永远飘扬”)。1889727日,时任海军部长本杰明. 特雷西(Benjamin F. Tracy签署命令,在军舰升旗的时候奏“星光闪耀的旗帜”曲调。1916年,时任总统威尔逊(Woodrow Wilson)下令在军队和一些适当的场合唱“星光闪耀的旗帜”。193133日,时任总统胡佛(Herbert Hoover)批准了把“星光闪耀的旗帜”作为美国国歌的法律条款。
美国国歌的歌词是首八行韵律诗,共四段,我只翻译首、尾两段:
迎着黎明的曙光
我们自豪地欢唱
不畏惧彻夜的炮弹轰击
战士们在堡垒里顽强抵抗
当硝烟散尽的时候
只见星条旗仍在高高飘扬
啊,这里是自由的土地
这里是英雄的家乡

......  ......

捍卫自由者无比坚强
勇于面对战后的苍凉
当我们重新获得了和平
就能聚集起恢复家园的力量
让“信仰上帝”成为我们的座右铭
让星条旗永远胜利飘扬
啊,这里是自由的土地
这里是英雄的家乡

附录:歌词原文

The Star-Spangled Banner

O! say can you see by the dawns early light,
What so proudly we hailed at the twilights last gleaming,
Whose broad stripes and bright stars through the perilous fight,
Oer the ramparts we watched, were so gallantly streaming,
And the rockets red glare, the bombs bursting in air,
Gave proof through the night that our flag was still there;
O! say does that star-spangled banner yet wave,
Oer the land of the free and the home of the brave?

On the shore dimly seen through the mists of the deep,
Where the foes haughty host in dread silence reposes,
What is that which the breeze, oer the towering steep,
As it fitfully blows, half conceals, half discloses?
Now it catches the gleam of the mornings first beam,
In full glory reflected now shines in the stream:
Tis the star-spangled banner, O! long may it wave
Oer the land of the free and the home of the brave.

And where is that band who so vauntingly swore.
That the havoc of war and the battles confusion,
A home and a country, should leave us no more?
Their blood has washed out their foul footsteps pollution.
No refuge could save the hireling and slave.
From the terror of flight, or the gloom of the grave:
And the star-spangled banner in triumph doth wave,
Oer the land of the free and the home of the brave.

O! thus be it ever, when freemen shall stand,
Between their loved home and the wars desolation,
Blest with victry and peace, may the Heavn rescued land,
Praise the Power that hath made and preserved us a nation!
Then conquer we must, when our cause it is just,
And this be our motto: In God is our trust;
And the star-spangled banner in triumph shall wave
Oer the land of the free and the home of the brave!

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